Paul Smart

In the few decades since its invention, the World Wide Web has exerted a profound influence on practically every sphere of human activity. Online stores have transformed the way we purchase goods, social networking sites have transformed the way we stay in touch with friends, ...

A number of studies in the network science literature have attempted to model the effect of network structure on cognitive state fluctuations in social networks. For the most part, these networks use highly simplified models of both cognitive state and social influence. In order to extend these studies and provide the basis for more complex network science simulations, a model of socially-mediated cognitive change is presented. The model attempts to integrate ideas and concepts from a number of disciplines, most notably psychology, evolutionary ...

The AKTiveSA project is using Semantic Web technologies to support information fusion and en-hanced situational awareness in a simulated hu-manitarian relief scenario. We have developed an application that shows how situational awareness can be supported during humanitarian relief situa-tions; often occurring alongside military conflict. Semantic Web technologies provide new opportu-nities for harvesting information from numerous, disparate and often heterogeneous information sources and can be used to better support ...

Human memory is a key focus of scientific and theoretical attention within a range of disciplines, and it is also an important target of efforts that seek to improve aspects of human cognitive function. The phenomenon of memory is also something that has been seen as ...

Page 1. The Network-Extended Mind 1 This is a pre-publication version of a paper that will appear as Smart, PR, Engelbrecht, PC, Braines, D., Strub, M., & Giammanco, C. (2010). The Network-Extended Mind. In D. Verma (Ed ...

Abstract Existing models of information transmission emphasize the role that structural factors play in the network-mediated spread of new ideas. Such models, however, often fail to account for the potentially significant role of psychological and cognitive factors in ...

This paper presents the results of a research study applying a new cultural analysis method to capture commonalities and differences between US and UK mental models of operational planning. The results demonstrate the existence of fundamental differences between the way US and UK planners think about what it means to have a high quality plan. Specifically, the present study captures

The purpose of this chapter is to describe a rigorous, end-to-end methodology for modeling culture as networks of ideas that are distributed among members of a population. The method, Cultural Network Analysis (CNA), represents an interdisciplinary synthesis of techniques drawn from the fields of cognitive anthropology, cultural and cognitive psychology, naturalistic decision making, and decision analysis. CNA is used to

... 5 it from the south via the Khevan Pass. ... From their elevated position high above the Khevan Pass, the insurgents launch missile attacks against coalition forces and Alpha Force suffers a number of causalities requiring immediate medical evacuation. ...

... Deposited On: 17 Dec 2007 17:45 by Smart, Paul. Tools & Metadata. ... Poorly formated references will probably not work. 1. Alani, H., Kim, S., Millard, DE, Weal, MJ, Hall, W., Lewis, P., & Shadbolt, NR (2003) Automatic Ontology-Based Knowledge Extraction from Web Documents. ...

Page 1. Paul Smart School of Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ United Kingdom ... Dr Paul Smart Senior Research Fellow School of Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton Southampton, UK SO17 1BJ ...

Page 1. 1 Abstract—Shared understanding is commonly seen as essential to the success of coalition operations, and current research efforts are attempting to develop techniques and technologies to improve shared understanding in coalition military contexts. ...

This document describes the work packages, task structure, project outputs and research staff associated with the SEMIOTIKS initiative. It was produced following a comprehensive mid-term review of the SEMIOTIKS initiative and it forms one of two (roadmap) reports that ...

Rules are a key element of the Semantic Web vision, promising to provide a foundation for reasoning capabilities that underpin the intelligent manipulation and exploitation of information content. Although ontologies provide the basis for some forms of reasoning, it is unlikely that ontologies, by themselves, will support the range of knowledge-based services that are likely to be required on the Semantic Web. As such, it is important to consider the contribution that rule-based systems can make to the realization of advanced machine intelligence on the Semantic Web. This report aims to review the current state-of-the-art with respect to semantic rule-based technologies. It provides an overview of the rules, rule languages and rule engines that are currently available to support ontology-based reasoning, and it discusses some of the limitations of these technologies in terms of their inability to cope with uncertain or imprecise data and their poor performance in some reasoning contexts. This report also describes the contribution of reasoning systems to military capabilities, and suggests that current technological shortcomings pose a significant barrier to the widespread adoption of reasoning systems within the defence community. Some solutions to these shortcomings are presented and a timescale for technology adoption within the military domain is proposed. It is suggested that application areas such as semantic integration, semantic interoperability, data fusion and situation awareness provide the best opportunities for technology adoption within the 2015 timeframe. Other capabilities, such as decision support and the emulation of human-style reasoning capabilities are seen to depend on the resolution of significant challenges that may hinder attempts at technology adoption and exploitation within the 2020 timeframe.

The Semantic Web is rapidly becoming a defacto distributed repository for semantically represented data, thus leveraging on the added on value of the network effect. Various ontology mapping techniques and tools have been devised to facilitate the bridging and integration of distributed data repositories. Nevertheless, ontology mapping can benefit from human supervision to increase accuracy of results. The spread of Web 2.0 approaches demonstrate the possibility of using collaborative techniques for reaching consensus. While a number of prototypes for collaborative ontology construction are being developed, collaborative ontology mapping is not yet well investigated. In this paper, we describe a prototype that combines off-the-shelf ontology mapping tools with social software techniques to enable users to collaborate on mapping ontologies. Emphasis is put on the reuse of user generated mappings to improve the accuracy of automatically generated ones.

Despite the potential of domain ontologies to provide consensual representations of domain-relevant knowledge, the open, distributed and decentralized nature of the Semantic Web means that individuals will rarely, if ever, countenance a common set of terminological ...

Page 1. The Network-Extended Mind 1 This is a pre-publication version of a paper that will appear as Smart, PR, Engelbrecht, PC, Braines, D., Strub, M., & Giammanco, C. (2010). The Network-Extended Mind. In D. Verma (Ed ...

ABSTRACT The socially-distributed nature of cognitive processing in a variety of organizational settings means that there is increasing scientific interest in the factors that affect collective cognition. In military coalitions, for example, there is a need to understand how factors such as communication network topology, trust, cultural differences and the potential for miscommunication affects the ability of distributed teams to generate high quality plans, to formulate effective decisions and to develop shared situation awareness. The current paper presents a computational model and associated simulation capability for performing in silico experimental analyses of collective sensemaking. This model can be used in combination with the results of human experimental studies in order to improve our understanding of the factors that influence collective sensemaking processes.

ABSTRACT Cognitive social simulation is a computer simulation technique that aims to improve our understanding of the dynamics of socially-situated and socially-distributed cognition. This makes cognitive social simulation techniques particularly appealing as a means to undertake experiments into team cognition. The current paper reports on the results of an ongoing effort to develop a cognitive social simulation capability that can be used to undertake studies into team cognition using the ACT-R cognitive architecture. This capability is intended to support simulation experiments using a team-based problem solving task, which has been used to explore the effect of different organizational environments on collective problem solving performance. The functionality of the ACT-R-based cognitive social simulation capability is presented and a number of areas of future development work are outlined. The paper also describes the motivation for adopting cognitive architectures in the context of social simulation experiments and presents a number of research areas where cognitive social simulation may be useful in developing a better understanding of the dynamics of team cognition. These include the use of cognitive social simulation to study the role of cognitive processes in determining aspects of communicative behavior, as well as the impact of communicative behavior on the shaping of task-relevant cognitive processes (e.g., the social shaping of individual and collective memory as a result of communicative exchanges). We suggest that the ability to perform cognitive social simulation experiments in these areas will help to elucidate some of the complex interactions that exist between cognitive, social, technological and informational factors in the context of team-based problem-solving activities.